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Kamis, 19 Mei 2016

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND YOU!

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND YOU!
TWO FREE EVENTS BY PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND

Find out more and register now – free to attend

Birmingham: Wednesday 2 December 2015
Repertory Theatre, Centenary Square, Broad Street, Birmingham, B1 2EP
and
London: Wednesday 24 February 2016
John Hunbury Lecture Theatre, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX

Antibiotic resistance affects you, but do you know how? Come and join the discussion on how we can work together to combat antibiotic resistance!

If we fail to act, we are looking at an almost unthinkable scenario where antibiotics no longer work and we are cast back into the dark ages of medicine" – David Cameron, UK Prime Minister

Find out what antibiotic resistance really means to you and your family by attending one of our events.

These free events will:

·        Educate you about the causes of antibiotic resistance and why it is a threat.
·        Inform you about what you can do to help solve this problem by taking simple, everyday steps.
·        Explain the roles and responsibilities of the government, policy makers, and healthcare professionals in tackling this problem.
·        Show you how you can join the fight against antibiotic resistance.
·        Allow you to contribute to the debate about antibiotic resistance and to the solution!
We look forward to welcoming you!

CLICK HERE TO FIND OUT MORE AND REGISTER ONLINE
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Rabu, 18 Mei 2016

Top Recent and Outstanding Portuguese Scientific and Technological Achievements

I am here celebrating Portugal, for today 10th of June 2015, is Portugal Day. And for those who think we dont mean science youre so wrong. We are clever, we have always been astute and quite ingenious under very difficult economical conditions. From Braamcamp (inventor of the brick in 1853 - top image) to Patricio Vieira da Silva (inventor of the anticonvulsant Eslicarbazepine acetate in 2014), the world has gained from the Portuguese ingenuity and creativity. Check hereby our recent top contributions to the world of science and technology and vote/comment on the one you believe is the most impressive achievement for such a small nation as the Portuguese Republic:


ENDOSCOPY, 1965, by Fernando Alves Martins
Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an endoscope, an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike most other medical imaging devices, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ. 



BIGGUN – CHILD & ACCIDENT PROOF ROTATING PERCUSSION HANDGUN, 2004, by Fernando Lopes
RPH – BIGGUN - The first Less-Than-Lethal (LTL) weapon concept to be demonstrably created in Portugal and in the XXI Century, with the main purposes of saving Human Lives. It brings various defence and safety mechanisms, which combines a high level of defence and effective protection by virtue of its unique characteristics with the advantage of providing greater safety, in order to go some way towards reducing the high firearms accident rate among adults and children. Considered the “World’s Safest Weapon”. 



PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION, UNDER SUBCRITICAL CONDITIONS OF MONOLITHIC XEROGELS AND AEROGELS OF SILICA/LATEX HIBRIFS, MODIFIED WITH AKOXYSILANE GROUPS (SPACE SHUTTLE SHIELDS - AEROGEL ), 2006, by Instituto Superior Tecnico
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of monolithic xerogels and aerogels of silica/latex hybrids under subcritical conditions. In the two-stage synthesis of these alcogels in the presence of an acid-base catalyst, the hydrolysis and polycondensation of a silicon alkoxide are carried out in an organic medium containing excess water. A latex consisting of polybutyl methacrylate and polybutyl acrylate, modified with alkoxysilane groups, is first synthesized and then incorporated in the mixture either in the first stage in order to effect its co-hydrolysis with the silicon alkoxide, or in the second stage to effect its cocondensation with the previously hydrolysed colloidal silica. The resulting alcogels are aged, washed, and dried under subcritical conditions. 


ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE AND METHODS OF USE, 2014, by Patricio Soares da Silva
New applications of eslicarbazepine and eslicarbazepine acetate in the treatment of intractable conditions, selected from epilepsy, central and peripheric nervous system disorders, affective disorders, schizoaffective disorders, bipolar disorders, attention disorders, anxiety disorders, neurophatic pain and neuropathic pain-related disorders, sensorimotor disorders, vestibular disorders, and nervous function alterations in degenerative and post-ischemic diseases. 

The Multibanco System
Portugals Multibanco System is a sophisticated system of Automatic Teller Machines (ATM). SIBS (Sociedade Interbancária de Serviços SA), the company behind Multibanco, launched the network in September 1985 with the installation of 12 machines in Lisbon and Oporto. Over 11,000 machines are now available throughout Portugal, in banks, supermarkets, shopping malls, stations, museums and airports.
  • The SIBS website has information about the Multibanco services, useful information and news in English: Click here
Prepaid Mobile Phone
prepaid mobile phone (also commonly referred to as pay-as-you-gopay-as-you-talkpay and goprepaid wirelessprepay or, if soon disposed of burner phone) is a mobile phone for which credit is purchased in advance of service use. The purchased credit is used to pay for mobile phone services at the point the service is accessed or consumed. If there is no available credit then access to the requested service is denied by the mobile phone network. Users are able to top up their credit at any time using a variety of payment mechanisms. The first European PAYG deployment was in Portugal in 1995 when Portuguese operator TMN deployed a PAYG solution called MIMO.

All-on-four dental method
Developed in the 1990s by famed dentist, inventor and businessman Paulo Maló, in collaboration with a Swiss prosthetics company called Nobel Biocare, the All-on-Four procedure quickly came to be recognized as one of the biggest breakthroughs in modern dentistry. Because the arches are replaced all at once – anchored to the jaw using four titanium screws – the procedure is faster, less invasive and less expensive than the alternative of replacing each and every tooth with its own dental implant.

Via Verde
Via Verde (literally "Green Lane") is an electronic toll collection system used in Portugal since 1991. It is available at all toll roads and bridges in the country since 1995. Toll roads and bridges are operated by multiple operators, the main being Brisa - Auto-estradas de Portugal. Upon passing in a non-stop lane at a toll, a DSRC tag attached to the vehicles windshield transmits its identifier and the toll amount is debited directly from the clients bank account. If an exception is detected (the tag is invalid (or non-existent) or the vehicles class (as detected by the lane sensors) does not correspond to the class encoded in the tag, amongst others) the vehicle is photographed and, if there is indication of fraud, a legal procedure is initiated.

See you back in July. Go on and read other posts while  The Toxicologist Today is on holidays. Cheers!
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Selasa, 17 Mei 2016

Purple asparagus

I bought and planted some seeds of purple asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) before we moved here.  I think I got about 10 seeds in all, which is not many but at that time purple asparagus could only be bought from one place so I didnt have a great deal of choice if I wanted to grow it.

The seeds were small, black and unremarkable.  I soaked them in water overnight and planted them, then waited for something to happen.  From those seeds only 3 germinated, it was very exciting.  At that time I knew of no one who had ever grown asparagus from seed so was pretty much on my own to figure how to grow them.  I have grown many things over the years which people have told me are impossible to grow, so this didnt daunt me.

Out of those 3 tiny seedlings grew, then slugs or snails killed 2 of them one night.  After noticing the loss I quickly put crushed eggshell all around the last survivor to help protect it.  That one seedling was not killed but did sustain some snail damage from time to time and needed the crushed egg shell placed around it pretty often.

This one tiny seedling grew slowly, it died down each winter as asparagus must, and grew back larger each Spring.  Each Spring the snails would hammer it and I would protect it with egg shells.

Then it was dug up and moved here with us.  Considering that we moved in the height of summer the plant did not enjoy this move and its growth was slowed but it did not die.  I planted it into the soil at the edge of the vegetable garden near the fence.  Asparagus dies each winter and sprouts again each spring.  I am told it takes 3 years from seed to get a crop, but this plant had such a difficult start that it took a bit longer.
Purple asparagus spear emerging in early spring
Asparagus plants are either male or female.  Female asparagus tends to be a bit thinner than the male plants as they put energy into seeds and fruit, male plants grow thick and fat spears.  Most people kill off the female plants and only grow the male ones.  I had no idea if this plant was a male or a female, I didnt particularly care as I planned on keeping it regardless.

Purple asparagus spear
Last year (or the year before, I cant remember) this plant flowered for the first time, it is a female plant.  It grew a handful of red berries, most of which were eaten by birds and the seeds deposited who knows where.  I kept some berries and extracted the seeds.  I am yet to grow them, if I do they will most likely not grow true to type as many wild asparagus plants grow here and would have donated pollen to my plant.


What purple asparagus looks like

One question that I had when buying purple asparagus seed is what the plants would look like.  After searching the internet I found many pictures of purple asparagus spears, which looked amazing, but no pictures of the plant once the spears matured.  I wondered if they stayed purple or if they grew green like normal asparagus.

As it turns out, the spears are nice deep purple, then they turn green as the fronds emerge more.  The fronds of purple asparagus look much like regular asparagus, green and fluffy and beautiful.

While I am disappointed that it is not purple for its entire life it is still a beautiful plant.  Tiny birds like to hide in the fronds, some of them make nests in some of the other green asparagus plants that grow here and I hope that they decide to nest in the purple one some day too.
Purple asparagus starting to frond up, note the immature female flowers

What purple asparagus tastes like

Home grown asparagus, like many home grown vegetables, tastes far superior to store bought asparagus.  This is probably due to the freshness, it can be picked minutes before being eaten instead of being picked weeks earlier and stored/transported/stored again before being eaten.  We have a lot of green asparagus growing here, most of it is from seed that birds have kindly deposited under apple trees, along fence lines, and under electrical wires.  While it often grows in unsuitable places this does not stop it from being delicious.

Strangely I have only eaten purple asparagus a few times over these years.  I like this plant so find it difficult to eat it, I would hate to eat too many spears and leave the plant depleted of energy.  I find that it tastes much like the green asparagus that is growing on this property, only sweeter.  If you like fresh asparagus you will love purple asparagus.

I find it disappointing that I can not buy this in the shops as it is nicer than the green type.  Hopefully one day someone will remedy this and grow purple asparagus commercially.  Unfortunately that someone wont be me.  Due to health issues any form of large scale farming is not in my future.

One can cover the spears as they grow to produce white asparagus, these white spear are more tender and sweeter again. 
Purple asparagus, each frond gets green as it grows


Why grow asparagus from seed

Most people think asparagus can not be grown from seed.  I have even had people try to argue with me over this point.  The fact that asparagus are flowering plants that produces seed, and that I have planted seeds and grown asparagus from those seeds, seems almost to be moot points as they have their minds already made up and no amount of logic and evidence will convince them otherwise.

Very few people grow asparagus from seed due to the time it takes to obtain a crop.  I can understand that, it takes a few years to get a large enough plant and by then you may be too attached to it to be able to eat much of it.  Asparagus is a long lived perennial so the effort will be payed off by years of asparagus crops.  You need to be aware that growing from seed has disadvantages, but there are a few reasons that may make you consider growing asparagus from seed.

Asparagus can accumulate virus load and not grow as well.  There are currently no certified virus free sellers in Australia so growing from seed to remove the virus load is currently the only way around this.  Virus load is probably not a huge problem for asparagus around here though. 

Growing from seed would also ensure an amount of genetic diversity which, assuming that you grew several seeds, would make your crop a bit better able to cope with problems that arise. Some seed grown plants will out perform others in your garden even if they came from the same parent.

Some varieties are not for sale as plants anywhere and only available as seed.  You will not be able to grow these unless you grow from seed.  Some of these are excellent varieties and I dont know why they are rare, others are rare because they are not all that great.

I grew purple asparagus from seed as I could not find crowns or plants.  Some places sell purple asparagus plants now.  To be honest I would not bother to grow asparagus from seed if plants or crowns are available.  That being said I would NOT buy tiny seedlings in a punnet though, growing from seed would result in healthier plants than buying these stunted plants that have grown in less than ideal conditions and not being repotted for who knows how long.


Where to get purple asparagus

If you want to eat purple asparagus you will have to grow it yourself.  A few places sell seeds and plants these days.  I may grow some of the seeds from my plant, if any of them are purple I may offer crowns or plants on my for sale page.  If you are keen to grow out some of my seed I may be able to send you some but be aware that it may not grow true to type.
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Senin, 16 Mei 2016

An Insane swaga an Insane Je ne sais quoi

Im pretty sure most of you guys have already heard of Insanity. Insanity is a workout program that you can do at your own place without having to buy any special equipment or even have a huge saloon. All you have to do is buy the DVDs and follow the calendar of exercises for 60 days. I guarantee you, its mental but it does really work for anyone, providing you are a healthy responsible person who eats properly and rests adequately. A friend of mine passed me on the DVDs and I got so involved with Insanity that nowadays when I dont do it I feel something is missing in my life. 

I recently had my first child and the money to put my child in a good nursery in a few months time has got to be saved from "yesterday". UK charges body and soul when a child is in nursery age. I could not maintain a monthly gym payment and save for both my kid stem cell bank monthly direct debit, plus rent, plus car insurance, plus all the normal bills normal human beings are to pay "normally". So, without thinking twice, this DVD made me recognise that there was an option available for those who dont have much money available, but most of all, dont really have the time to spend on traffic jams and busy gyms. 

I tested it once before my kid was born and I loved it, but because of loads of work I had by then, I kind of left it aside. But Insanity kept coming to my head, and my friend enticed me to it once again when lending me the DVDs. Combined with Dietpower (see article here) I have been very fiercely destroying that fat gained over Christmas holidays with anxious munching of sweets and traditional festive food that bombed my weight from 85kg (already a little too much for the likes of me) to 88Kg. Well, I dont consider myself fat at all, nothing like that. I am just a vegetarian sporty dude who likes to be healthy, and entering my 35s makes me want to maintain a certain swaga, a certain enticing je ne sais quoi; I want to be fit to smile and feel good about myself. Ive always did, and thats why I stopped smoking in 2006 after 10 years puffing the nicotine dragon.

Supported by max interval training, working really hard for 3 to 4 minutes and then bringing it down to a 30 seconds cool down, I have been really happy with the results. 40 minutes a day keeps me fit and helps me get to my weight goal, 75Kg on the 01st of July. Then Ill hit the Portuguese beaches and show off my hard-gained body whilst watching the proud look on my wifes face. im already back to 85Kg three weeks after starting.

Insanity tests your limits but also your progression. Every two weeks theres a fit test that helps you understand how well or poorly (I doubt it) youre doing. Want to know my progression, take a look then:


Approximately 90% improvement on the Switch Kicks (build muscle quick), basically maintained the same level for Power Jacks, around 12% improvement on the Power Knees (working knee flexor and extensor muscles), 50% improvement on Power Jumps (working hip extension and knee extension) and Globe Jumps,  ~33% improvement on Suicide Jumps (great muscle builder) and push-up jacks (awesome for building pectoral muscle), and finally 25% improvement on low plank oblique (work internal and external obliques and transverse abdominis). Overall, a great improvement rate considering I only started three weeks ago.

Why dont you try it yourself and let me know how youre doing? If you dislike Insanity there are also several other training programs you can try, for example, P90X (see it here) or the Rock Hard program (find it here). Bare in mind that my first choice lays on Insanity because you need nothing but a bottle of water and a towel to get fit. In the meanwhile check the promotional video I found on the Internet and keep checking for more posts soon in The Toxicologist Todays blog. Cheers!

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Sabtu, 14 Mei 2016

Immali corn


I started messing around with corn breeding a few years ago. Corn genetics is messy, the more I learn the more I find that I dont know.  Genetics was so much easier when we knew nothing!

Many varieties of corn suffer from varying amounts of inbreeding depression, to save seed it is best to grow at least 200 plants and save seed from the best 50 to 100.  Some varieties of landrace corn have little to no inbreeding depression, but the down side is that they can be rather variable.  Using landraces as breeding stock means that genetic bottlenecks are not as tight and small populations can be slightly more forgiving.

Corn will happily cross pollinate with other types of corn that are within a few hundred metres up to a few kilometers of each other.  This makes saving corn seed difficult unless you live on acreage and have no one growing corn near you.

As I currently live on acreage and have no one growing corn close to me I save seed from a few different types of corn.  If I get the timing right, and am vigilant with selecting seed and rogueing out off types I could probably grow half a dozen types of corn each year without too much trouble.

I grow some interesting coloured corn, most of which is popcorn or dry corn as there are very few coloured sweet corn varieties available in Australia.  I once looked online at the amazing coloured sweet corn that is available overseas and asked myself: "self, why doesnt someone in Australia breed a decent coloured sweet corn?"  I looked around for someone who was developing a decent coloured sweetcorn in Australia, I could not find them.  I did find some people who are maintaining a few coloured sweet corns and a few who are developing the most wonderful yellow or white sweet corn, but none of this is what I was after.

So I decided to try to breed one myself.
Coloured Sweet Corn
Immali Corn 2015
I have some access to different coloured field corn and some different varieties of sweet corn that the average grower would not have seen.  I researched the varieties that I have access to in order to determine the best parental stock for my new variety of corn.  I got a landrace coloured sweetcorn, which tasted ok and has a lot of genetic variation.  This was one of the parents of Immali corn.  Every generation since then has been remarkably better tasting.

Some "Immali corn" seedlings
I planted some of the coloured seeds and saved quite a lot.  The results were good, but being so early it is clearly not stable and had a way to go.  A little back crossing would help to lock in the desired colours and also maintain a high level of genetic variation.

The early cobs lacked much colour, they tasted better than store bought corn but not as great as I had hoped.  Adding colour is not all that difficult, stabilising that colour is a bit more difficult, but I can do it.
Early Immali corn (ignore the yellow) - needs more colour
Tastes great, looks ok I guess, still a way to go

The later cobs look far better and taste far better too.  It is too bad I only get one crop of corn per year so progress is painfully slow.
Look how far it has come
Some fine looking "Immali corn" cobs
Still not there but look how far it had come

They still have a way to go, it is not yet stable and I do not want to distribute this seed until it is a bit more stable.  The colour will always vary a bit, but that is kind of the point.

The taste is a bit up and down right now, some cobs taste good while others taste simply amazing, all of them taste at least as good as store bought sweet corn.  This is mainly due to timing, if picked just right they blow me away, if picked too early or late they are not as good.  I would like to work out how to fix this, the genetics behind this are a bit beyond me at the moment as I do not have access to a good corn genetics book.  By only saving seed from the best tasting plants all of the Immali Corn should taste amazing by the time the colours are locked in properly.

Immali Corn
I worked hard to get here, we ate this cob and the colours remained unchanged through cooking

Once the strain starts to look more consistently like the cob above and is a bit more stable I hope to distribute seeds.  It may never be truly stable, it may be best if it always stays a landrace variety at least to some extent.  I hope that some dedicated seed saver somewhere will see the merits of Immali Corn and continue to grow it after I am gone.  Perhaps I should tell you what i hope to achieve in this variety.

So if I can get more of the cobs to look like the one above, and get the taste to be a bit more consistantly amazing, what else have I tried to include in this variety?

I wanted a reasonably small plant that was productive.  I figure people have less land these days so need small plants that are highly productive.  While 12 foot tall monster plants such as the Giant Inca White corn is spectacular to look at, it is not practical for Suburban Joe to grow in the corner of his yard.  The Immali Corn only grows about 5 foot tall.  It is not a dwarf plant, but it is not a giant either, I think it is a nice manageable compact size.

Immali Corn, reasonably short plants
I also wanted to create a variety that would be productive.  No point having a variety of corn that only produces 1 or 2 cobs per plant.  So far the Immali corn has produced an average of 4 cobs per plant.  I always plant corn too close and the weather is not always kind to corn, given better conditions and more space I think it could average a few more per plant.  Each stem produces 2 good sized cobs on average (some only 1, others 4), but then this variety is very prone to tillering (growing several stems).  This is probably a bad thing if you plan to harvest using a combine, but it is a great thing for home gardeners who harvest by hand.  It essentially means you get several times the corn from the same amount of space.  I am deliberately selecting for plants that produce more tillering as it is this trait that has helped raise the average number of cobs per plant.

Sideways corn picture, note the 2 cobs forming up high and 1 more lower down

 As well as a great tasting corn that is productive and takes up little space, I wanted something that was good to look at.  The cobs needed good colour, which was the primary reason behind this project.  One of the bonuses to using a coloured landrace as one of the initial stock was that the tassels sometimes are purple, it makes the plant look a bit more ornamental.

Immali Corn tassels and cobs
Immali Corn silk
Some of the cobs also display coloured silk.  I do not know if I will be able to keep this trait in this variety, but I will if I can.  It is one of the least important things I would like in the variety, but it does add something special to it.


Where can you get Immali Corn seeds?

Unfortunately for the time being you cant get Immali Corn anywhere, it is not yet stable and I do not want to release it now, stabilise it in a few years and then have confusion over which is the rubbish variety and which is the excellent variety when they both have the same name.  When I do release seeds they will probably be available through my For Sale page.

I think that you should breed some type of vegetable that you like.  Perhaps dont start with corn unless you are already experienced in breeding and saving seeds, perhaps start with a tomato or some beans or something simpler like that.  You dont need any fancy equipment, I certainly dont use anything special.  You dont need formal training in Botany or Horticulture or Genetics like I have, but you can still produce something amazing that can be treasured and passed on to others.

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Name and describe three types of plasmids


We start today a brand new label on the vast catalog of The Toxicologist Today - the ToxicQuizz, with loads of science and loads of humor included, too. Good news is that there is no competition for all is about learning with enthusiasm. And there arent prizes also for crisis affects us all. But Ill give props to all of you who at least participate. With that in mind rest assured that any right answers can always be more complete with the adding of knowledge posted here by you and your lab mates. Help us make it a funny and insightful tag then.

Shall we start with the first one?



Name and describe at least three types of plasmids





Image kindly taken from Pinterest - author unknown [https://www.pinterest.com/pin/516295544754572929/]
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Jumat, 13 Mei 2016

Blackberries and Beets


After a very busy weekend, I had a rare Sunday afternoon of down time.  Instead of taking a much needed nap I decided to dive into making some more of the fermented recipes I have been itching to experiment with.  I cant get enough of making these lacto-fermented foods.  They are just so yummy and easy!  Not to mention beneficial for our digestion.  So after a stroll around the orchard, some deep inhales-exhales, and a visit to the garden, I came back to the house with a big bowl of warm juicy blackberries, a whole bunch of mint (several kinds) and one gigantic red beet.  Did I say gigantic?
And yes, I usually do have better things to do than take pictures of over sized vegetables but I needed proof.  Ive never seen a beet this big before. 


So in to the kitchen I go to begin my experimentation...


...which resulted in five pint jars of raw beet kraut (click here for basic kraut recipe) and two gallons of fermented soda, one blackberry and one green tea/mint.  Yummmm!  You really do have to try these...



Fermented Blackberry Soda
about 6 cups of blackberries (freshly picked or frozen)
1 gallon filtered water
2 cups whey
1 cup agave or sugar (havent had very good results with honey)

Wash berries if fresh and add to pot with 1/2 gallon of water.  Add sweetener and simmer until sweet and berries are pretty much broken down, about 15 minutes.  Taste for sweetness.
(If not sweet enough either simmer longer or add more sweetener.)
Pour berry syrup into gallon glass jar and let cool.  Add whey and rest of water until jar is full.  Stir well, cap and let sit in a warm place for a couple of days.  Taste after a day and a half to monitor the fermentation process.  The soda should become bubbly.  I have found that 2 days tends to be plenty in warm weather, I monitor mine closely because I dont want my soda to turn alcoholic. 
Once the bubbles form, strain the soda, put into bottles and refrigerate.  Enjoy chilled on hot days.



Moroccan Mint and Green Tea Soda (adapted from suddenly sauer)
A huge handful of fresh mint (about 1/2 lb)
1 gallon filtered water
2 tbls. green tea (preferably gunpowder but I have used sencha too)
1 cup agave
2 cups whey

Wash mint.  Bring water to a boil, add sweetener, then add fresh mint and green tea.  Remove from heat, stir, cover, and let steep for 20 minutes.  Pour into a gallon glass jar (leaving room for the whey) and let cool.  Cap and let sit for a couple of days to a week in a warm place until bubbles start to form.  Strain and bottle then refrigerate.

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Kamis, 12 Mei 2016

Hit the ground running

We have had the joy of moving into Mudflower with tonnes of rotting fruit everywhere, Damo has been out there with shovel and bags collecting it all up in the 40+ degree heat. Very little fruit is left edible, which is just so sad. But there was a plum tree covered in yummy goodness.


Yesterday I collected a bucket full and turned them into some yummy jam and preserves.



Have collected another overflowing bucket full today that is now in the dehydrator and the rest will be turned into some plum sauce and plum chutney. Will share pictures of those results tomorrow.

The recipe I used was:

Recipe for Plum Jam in the Microwave 7/9/01. Bunty.


450 g (1 lb) Plums
Grated rind and juice of 1 small orange
2 1/2 x 15 ml tbsp water
375 g (12 oz) granulated sugar

1. Halve and stone plums, place in a large dish with the water and microwave for 8 - 10 mins on High until tender.
2. Add sugar an stir.
3. Cook on High for 2 mins. Stir.
4. Cook on High for 8 - 10 mins Stirring several times until
setting point is reached.
5. Cool slightly and pot.

I have successfully been making my jam this way since 1982.

From:
http://www.realgardeners.co.uk/archiverecipes/recipe_for_plum_jam_in_the_micro.htm
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Xenophobic Britain drives foreign students away public hysteria and paranoia over immigration

It is indescribable what is happening to England. I wouldnt even dare say Britain. And even England is such a strong approximation for I dont believe that all English people share the views Im about to distill, but it is in England that Ive been sensing spontaneous and punctual acts of hatred towards migrant workers. Im not talking about Sports Direct or even Amazon, Im talking about going to the barber shop and the dentist. Two activities that in their nature should be harmless and plain simple to the extent of going in, being seen, paying up and leaving out. Wait!, thats it, the pay up part is whats really upsetting most of the fellows I have been sensing that. Suddenly for them I am the adequate receptacle of the constant moaning towards migrants, borders policies, the EU treaties and the incapability of British governments to stand up to I-dont-know-who-and-why. In all sums, Xenofobia and nothing else.

When I seek for the professional help of a dentist and suddenly from the entrance door, to the pain chair, and then back again to the pay counter I am greeted with "... the problem is that migrants come here and they dont have to pay for their treatments... and the government think that NHS can pay for everything, well it cannot... and the migrants come here and ask for treatments...". The same exact thing happened on my journey to the hairdresser, the same moaning, my same red hears to engulf this profound discontentment of the English workers towards the migrants that I happen to be one of.

Are this people insane or havent they noticed that I am no David Cameroon. I am not a political representative of your country. I am a person that happened to leave the house where I pay rent, to get in the car with petrol, insurance and car parking associated to high taxation taken from me (and I am not complaining at all), I used a service that the government for some reason believe should be made free for me, whether it is because I have a son, I am a student or just because my monthly wage doesnt even reach nowadays the minimum wage... and suddenly these people think I am the one to retrieve their political complaints and somehow take these long sentences of pure Ignorance (thats it) to the House of Commons/Lords, I dont know what??!! 

Are these people mentally challenged or just xenophobic? I am not even going to profess the immense oblivion that is having to listen to all that without feeling disgusted. History shows that the biggest powers in Europe have STOLEN, LITERALLY STOLEN from everywhere in the world with brutal force, ignominy, tremendous greed and inflicted terror, and when a migrant comes to England seeking for a better life he is shown intolerance? I am Portuguese, therefore I havent broken any rules in coming to England and looking for a better life. Whenever I asked for state support when I most needed, the governmental services had the chance to say no - NO, WE WONT HELP YOU! No one imposed altruism on them. It emerged from the need to dignify workers and citizens as in any other EU country that did sign for these practices to be applied.

My hairdresser spends more time complaining about Muslims and Chinese people than paying attention to my style requests. Then he goes on and on about the migrants from Europe. Hasnt he noticed that most of the people that actually sustain his business are students from Middle Eastern countries, Asian countries and European countries? Is everyone ignorant about the millions that are put in the English economy by students, researchers and other professionals that travel to England for whatever reason and bring their best talents to make this country the strong economy that we see?

My dentists receptionist complains that I take money from the system and I see everyday migrants generating revenue for this country. Paid miserably in comparison to their physical and psychological exertion. Universities are piling up with students from all over the world that get money flowing at high rates in this country. Suddenly I am forced to believe that you are only a welcomed migrant and student and foreigner in this country if you bring the dough. PAY FOR YOUR DIGNITY is the system, and that cannot be that far away from NAZISM, Im sorry but its not that far-off.


Everyday we have doctors, science researchers, managers, pizza fillers, taxi drivers from many different countries doing their best and serving you with the best, saving lives, providing quality of life to everyone who uses their products and services. But the dentist, the receptionist and the hairdresser in England think that its the migrants fault the idiotic options different governments have been negotiating with their different social partners.

PAYING FOR DIGNITY RESEMBLES NAZISM AND XENOPHOBIA. Can please someone tell them that?

If a migrant, who some English people state cannot even speak proper English, takes away English peoples jobs so easily, than my friends something is profoundly wrong with that pool of skills. You can only understand what it is to be a migrant when you become one and wear his shoes. I dont agree with people being given without even trying to give back as there is a social synergy that needs fulfilling, but someone tell these people that that has not been the case. The scale needs balancing but its not the migrants fault. When a taxi driver saves your life the moment that ambulance came a bit too late, when you were having a heart attack, what will you tell this lad? And why do we always have to go to extremes to justify the need to dignified lives.

Its not the migrants fault, its globalization, poorly discussed and poorly played, but if you are scared just wait for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, we will be on each others necks until we all perish due to ignorance and stupidity.




1st Image taken from The Telegraph, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/10304634/Xenophobic-Britain-drives-foreign-students-away-claims-professor.html]

2nd image taken from hercampus, [http://www.hercampus.com/school/u-mass-amherst/response-sears-nazi-ring-anything-fashion-statement].
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Bacterial docking and anchoring to the heart!


I apologise but I cannot indeed remember where exactly I saw this presentation slide for the first time (probably here), so I cannot refer back to the web document I got it from. But I was most intrigued about the concepts of docking and anchoring of bacteria to eukaryotic cells. Concepts I was partially unaware of on its biomolecular nature, but had a mild understanding of what could actually mean physically.

Bacterial adhesion can occur in two major ways:

In a basic primary fashion known as the docking stage and by secondary means known as locking or anchoring.

Docking is reversible and occurs between the bacterial cell surface and the surface of interest where electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions play a role [1].

Anchoring becomes irreversible if no prompt intervention takes place, and involves molecularly-mediated binding between specific adhesins and the compromised surface. This compromised agent subjected to an initial locking will become susceptible to a different range of adhering organisms, thus allowing a pluralised matrix to form in the shape of a biofilm varying in strain identities [1].

Both can lead to serious defense suppression, but the second can get the host death compromised by adding to antimicrobial drug resistance by compromising the glycocalyx (image below).

 [2]


The glycocalyx is a carbohidrate-enriched layer surrounding the outside of many eukaryotic and also prokaryotic cells. It basically reports on the health state of a cell and its disruption means disease! Especially in hyperglycemic subjects, thus diabetic patients are prone to loss of endothelial glycocalyx during accute hyperglicaemia [3].


If you want to know more about it read the articles below:

[1] Dunne, M. (2002). "Baterial adhesion: Seen any good biofilms lately?". Clinical microbiology reviews, 15(2), pp. 155-166.

[2] Rabelink and Zeeuw (2015). "The glycocalyx - linking albuminuria with renal and cardiovascular disease". Nature Reviews Nephrology, advanced online publication.

[3] Nieuwdorp et al., (2006). "Loss of endothelial glycocalyx during acute hyperglicemia coincides with endothelialdysfunction  and coagulation  activation in vivo". Diabetes, 55(2), pp. 480-486.
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In this petition youll find all of these facts and also your future

"European institutions, which worry more about Member States complying with austerity Measures than about maintaining and improving national R&D infrastructures that can help these countries change their productive model to a more robust one based on knowledge-generation.

They have chosen to ignore that public investment in R&D is an attractor of private investment; that in an “innovation State” like the United States over half of its economic growth has come from innovation with roots in basic research funded by the federal government.

They have chosen to ignore that time and resources are required to train researchers. Instead, shielded by the European directive to decrease workforce in the public sector, they have imposed drastic hiring cuts at research institutions and universities. Together with the lack of opportunities in the private sector and the cuts in human resources programs, this is triggering a “brain drain” from the South to the North and from Europe to beyond.

Discouraged by the lack of opportunities and the uncertainty inherent in the concatenation of fixed-term contracts, many scientists are considering leaving the field, with the nature of research activities making this a one-way journey. 

...excellence is the tip of an iceberg that floats only because of the body of work beneath. 

They have chosen to ignore, but we are determined to remind them because their ignorance can cost us the future. 

CLICK HERE TO READ THE OPEN LETTER AND SIGN THE PETITION
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Jumat, 06 Mei 2016

The Hot Zone and Ebola

A post on Ebola that Ive kindly transcribed from the Daily Beast into the was commented several times in the LinkedIn forum where Ive advertised it. One of the group members, Anette Perry (a Medical Technologist from Florida) timely suggested two books on the matter. Richard Prestons "The Hot Zone" and William Closes "Ebola". In her own words:



I am definitely going to read both of them, but theyll have to queue because theres 12 other on the line already. Nevertheless, I thank Anette for her recommendations and leave you with prices, readers review and overall rating on these two books. The moment I get some free time Ill proceed with reading them and leave you with my personal opinion on their value and quality. Enjoy your reading!



Title: "The Hot Zone"
Author: Richard Preston
Price: £4.49 Kindle Edition and £13.98 paperback (Amazon prices)
Overall rating: 4.5 starts out of 5 (www.amazon.co.uk)
Best public review:

***



Title: "Ebola"
Author: William T. Close
Price: £1.38 used paperback version and £30.92 new paperback version (Amazon prices)
Overall rating: 3.89 stars out of 5 (www.goodreads.com)
Best public review: 


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Senin, 02 Mei 2016

Aquaponics Update August

Latest update of my aquaponics system during first 7 days of Raya. The ph and ammonia is so high. Maybe it is due to the alkaline condition of the media caused the ineffective nitrification process. Anyway, the ph is around 7.6 and the ammonia level around 1.0ppm.

From my observation, the watercress are doing very well in this kind of growing techniques. The water level is constant with continuous flowing rate at small volume on each grow bed.



















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